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Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM)

Generally the only person who communicates directly with a manned space crew. During much of the U.S. manned space program, NASA felt it was important for all communication with the astronauts in space to pass through a single individual in the Mission Control Center. That role was designated the Capsule Communicator or CAPCOM and was filled by another astronaut, often one of the backup or support crew members. It is believed that an astronaut is most able to understand the situation in the spacecraft and pass information in the clearest way.

For long duration missions, there is more than one CAPCOM, each assigned to a different shift team. After control of U.S. spaceflights moved to the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in the early 1960s, each CAPCOM uses the radio call sign Houston. When non-astronauts are communicating directly with the spacecraft, CAPCOM acts as the communications controller.

Today, non-astronauts from the Space Flight Training branch also function as CAPCOM during ISS missions, while the role is filled solely by astronauts for shuttle missions.